Painting and Whitering
At different surfaces are subject to different types of paints.
Whitewash cover concrete, cement and lime plaster surface. Distempers may substitute whitewashing, and suitable for plaster and plaster elements. Water-based paints are suitable for concrete, cement, lime plaster, gypsum, sometimes used for wood surfaces, which, however, is not recommended. Oil and enamel paints can be painted everything. Simplistically, in one layer, paint utility rooms, basements, attics, standard, in one or two layers - the accommodation.
To paint you will need a brush, roller, ladder, old newspapers, film, triangular scraper, sponge, metal brush, rags, buckets, rubber gloves, sometimes a gun to spray paint, knife, sandpaper.
Surface Preparation
Preparing the painted surface - a very important stage of work, especially if the surface has been painted.
From the thoroughness of this work depends on the quality of painting the room. A layer of old paint is usually kept low, so it must be removed, as well as spots, stains, etc.
Old plaster, and more fragile, before painting should be strengthened and corrected the shortcomings encountered: cracks, holes, etc.
Depending on the type of surface using various fillers and how to correct deficiencies.
Before work on the walls removed all the nails, screws, hooks.
The old coat of paint to remove if it is too thick, enucleate or flaking, and if we want to use some type of paint (eg latex paint to cover a wall that was painted with glue).
The strength of the glue layer of paint can be verified as follows: Moisten with water part of the wall and remove the paint with a spatula or scraper. If the old paint is easily removed down to the plaster, you must completely remove it. This is done as follows: moisten a portion of the wall and scraped it with paint, making sure that the spatula does not cut corners in the plaster and paint does not fall into the eye. After stripping again walk around the surface with a brush or a wide brush (circular motion). The paint should scrape away from the top of the surface and gradually moving towards the bottom. Immediately after cleaning the walls collect dirt from the floor.
If the enamel or oil paint still well kept on the wall, scrape it is not necessary: it is enough to wash off the dirt and dust and warm soapy water, to smooth over a large surface with sandpaper, and then dried. Damaged facilities need to cement putty and sanded.
If the layer of oil paint is too thick or cracked paint and behind the wall, you must completely remove it. An easy recipe for pasta, softening oil paint to a state in which it is easily washed off, the following: 3 liters of water 1 kg of caustic soda and 2 kg of lime slurry. Caustic soda poured into water in small portions, stirring constantly. This solution is used on horizontal surfaces, for use on vertical surfaces it thickened, adding lime pulp.
Impose a solution on the surface layer of 2 mm for 2-3 hours, after which the paint is softened and can be removed with a spatula or scraper. After removing the wall paint brush clean, wash with water and dried (or neutralize the white spirit). All these should be carried out wearing gloves and goggles.
The second way to remove oil paint or enamel - surface treatment of the solvent. When working with solvents, be sure to comply with fire and safety, because they are easily ignited.Remember also that a pair of solvents are harmful to health.
The appearance of the premises depends on whether the smooth walls and ceiling, no more whether they should smoke and dampness, traces of the brush. To get rid of stains on the ceiling, surface wash cloth, then a wet brush. When the plaster dries, stains removed one of the methods described below.
Cleaned, washed and dried the surface stains soaking solution consisting of 20 parts of lime slurry and 1 part of synthetic varnishes. You can process bruise diluted in water to the consistency of milk gruel with the addition of lime-denatured alcohol. (Usually after the first treatment the stain disappears. Requires three processing to bruise was gone.) For the isolation of spots and stains is also a solution of liquid glass (1 glass of 2-3 parts water).
Spot squirted ink, aniline dyes, chemical traces of pencil gently scraped off and washed with hot water, and when the wall is dry, cover with a thin layer of fast-drying alcohol varnish.
The spots of dust and dirt on the wall near the heating radiator, arising from the circulation of warm air, surface, painted latex paint can be removed simply with soapy water or any detergent, but polluted distempers original color back pretty easy: unless you can advise wipe the dirt broad brush dipped in water (circular motion).
Fissures and cracks in the plaster are usually filled by the material from which made plaster.
Thus, lime mortar lime plaster damage erasure. The solution consists of 1 part lime slurry, 2 parts fine, carefully sifted sand and water. The lime is diluted with water to the consistency of sour cream, then add sand and water until the dough.
If for solution using lime, the first it's mixed with sand, and then add the water.
Lime-gypsum mortar repair lime-gypsum plaster.
The solution consists of 1 part gypsum, 1 part lime and 3 parts sifted sand. First mix the dry ingredients and then adding water, the mass is brought to a consistency of thick cream. The solution is allowed to move immediately, because it hardens in just a few minutes. Gypsum solution consists of 1 part gypsum and 2 parts of fine, sifted sand.
Before you cement the gap, should cut it and extend a special spatula or scraper, as well as discourage the hammer backward plaster. Brush or a dry brush of the cracks are removed remnants of the old wash and dust. Then moisturize and fill the gap with the relevant solution.
Large cracks and fissures are buried in two stages: obscure the solution, after partial drying his richly moisturize and re-trowel a thin layer of solution, which overwrites the trowel.
Small openings, for example, the nails, are buried gypsum mortar, and then sbryzgivayut water.Can not fill the holes gypsum mortar without any admixture of sand, as the plaster dries, the increasing size and is allocated on the surface. Under the water-based paints plaster solutions do not apply, and minor injuries fix oil-emulsion mastic.
Between the tiles, the doors, windows, it is desirable not just to close up the gap solution, and to avoid re-injury at the fracture site is often bonded to glue strip gkani carpenter (Bandage).
The width of the strip should be 4 cm greater than the width of the gap to its edge came to the surface of the wall or ceiling by about 2 cm bleach and paint such a surface can be repaired only after vysghaniya sites.
Primer moisturizes surface or securely connects with her coat of paint. Under distempers plaster and plaster the ground surface with soapy primer. 0,5-1 piece of soap dissolved in warm water, filter through a sieve or cheesecloth and diluted with water (a bar of soap in 10 liters of water). Distemper paint is applied after drying the walls, but no later than 20 hours after priming.
By whitewashing milk of lime plaster are primed.
Hardened plaster (one year, two years ago) and plaster surface under oil paint can be primed with a solution of natural oil varnish and turpentine oil (1:1).
The primer produces a wide brush. Care should be taken so that the ground was covered with all the painted surface. Because primed fluid often colorless, it is added ohrenoy pigment. First primed the ceiling, then walls. At the time of the window should be closed, but by its end, on the contrary, open the. Particularly important prime the ceiling and cornices.
Plastered should be homogeneous, this mass, which adheres to the primed surface.
Fillers desirable to tint the color of paint to be applied to this surface.
For metal surfaces best suited for oil, and wood and plaster - adhesive and emulsion adhesives.All components of the fillers should be mixed thoroughly, and especially the pound.
Spatula during smoothing putty should be at an angle of 60 °. If you tilt it stronger, to an angle of 40 °, a layer of plaster is too thick, if you hold the trowel almost at a right angle - too thin.Improperly packed putty can spoil a future painting.
Plastered dries quickly, and after drying is easily grinding. After drying the filler surface is usually polished by fine-grained sandpaper.
Types of colors: lime, oil and water emulsion.
Whitewashing and painting, lime paints - it is a simple and cheap way of painting.
Calcareous layer deposited on wet plaster, hardened with it, with the drying process takes quite a long time. Only after 3-4 weeks of a layer of lime paint stops "to raise dust, if rubbed his hand.
Lime paint can be applied on top of other colors (eg, glue). They have antiseptic properties and prevent the multiplication of microorganisms. That's why we Belim those premises in which is kept constantly high humidity: laundry, cellar, cellars, warehouses, etc. The lime paint is best applied in cloudy and wet days with a low (but not below 5 ° C) temperature. Whitewashing usually applied in two layers.
Lime paint is composed of lime (ie, aqueous solution of lime slurry in the ratio 1:1,1:2,1:3) and lime dye. At 1 square. m painted surface takes approximately 0,5-0,6 liters of paint, which corresponds 0,15-0,18 kg of lime slurry. Lime gruel should be prepared from fully extinguished lime of high quality without impurities.
Prepare the milk by adding lime gruel, 50 percent water. Add to it diluted in water or in portions of milk of lime coloring pigment, and then the solution of laundry soap (not more than 10 percent by weight of lime slurry). Add water until the paint reaches the desired consistency. Paint the optimum density of slipping on the wooden stick, which it is stirred, a thin continuous stream. If trickle dash, so the paint is too liquid. Hue lime paint after drying is always lighter than the color of the solution.
Lime paint is particularly well suited for the new, still wet plaster. If the painted surface is dry, moisten it.
The paint is applied in two layers, evenly, long brush stroke, on the walls - from top to bottom.Dipping the brush into the bucket, the paint is stirred to coloring pigment does not settle to the bottom, then a layer of paint will be uniform. Otherwise, the procedure is the same color as the distempers.
Lime corrodes tissues, so the color produced in goggles, but on the face and hands causing greasy cream. You can also wear protective rubber gloves. After finishing work on the skin once again it is desirable to put the cream.
